The effect of resting transmembrane voltage on cell electropermeabilization: a numerical analysis.

The transmembrane voltage induced due to applied electric field superimposes to the resting transmembrane voltage of the cell. On the part of the cell membrane, where the transmembrane voltage exceeds the threshold transmembrane voltage, changes in the membrane occur, leading to increase in membrane permeability known as electropermeabilization. This part of the cell membrane represents the permeabilized area through which the transport of molecules occurs. In this paper we calculated numerically the permeabilized area for different electric field strength, resting transmembrane voltage, cell shape and cell orientation with respect to the applied electric field. Results show that when the transmembrane voltage is near the threshold transmembrane voltage, the permeabilized area of the cell is increased on the anodic side and decreased on the cathodic side due to the resting transmembrane voltage. In some cases, only anodic side of the cell is permeabilized. Therefore, by using bipolar pulses, the permeabilized area can be significantly increased and consequentially also the efficiency of electropermeabilization. However, when the induced transmembrane voltage is far above the threshold, the effect of the resting transmembrane voltage is negligible. These observations are valid for different cell shapes and orientations.